STM32 Microcontroller & Bare-Metal Programming Internship

Module 1: Introduction to Embedded Systems
- Introduction to embedded systems and microcontrollers.
- Microcontrollers versus microprocessors.
- STM32 microcontroller families.
- Introduction to ARM Cortex-M architecture.
- Overview of STM32 development boards.
- Introduction to the STM32 reference manual and datasheet.
- Understanding GPIO pins and alternate functions.

Module 2: Development Environment Setup
- Introduction to STM32CubeIDE.
- Creating and building an STM32 project.
- Understanding startup files and linker scripts.
- Introduction to CMSIS and device header files.
- Flashing firmware onto an STM32 board.
- Using the ST-LINK debugger.
- Understanding compile, build, and debugging errors.

Module 3: Embedded C Programming
- Data types, operators, and bitwise operations.
- Functions, loops, and conditional statements.
- Pointers and memory addresses.
- Bit masking and bit manipulation.
- Setting, clearing, toggling, and checking register bits.
- Volatile variables and hardware registers.
- Introduction to interrupts and shared variables.

Module 4: Bare-Metal Programming Fundamentals
- What is bare-metal programming?
- Understanding memory-mapped I/O.
- Peripheral register addresses.
- Reading and writing hardware registers.
- Enabling peripheral clocks.
- Reset and Clock Control (RCC).
- Direct register access using C pointers.
- Understanding reference manuals and register descriptions.

Module 5: GPIO Programming
- GPIO port structure and pin configuration.
- Input, output, and alternate-function modes.
- Push-pull and open-drain output.
- Pull-up and pull-down resistors.
- Output speed configuration.
- Programming LEDs and push buttons.
- Software delay and GPIO toggling.
- Practical exercise: LED blinking without HAL GPIO functions.

Module 6: Timers and Interrupts
- Introduction to STM32 timers.
- Timer prescalers and auto-reload registers.
- Calculating timer update frequency.
- Generating periodic interrupts.
- External interrupts and EXTI configuration.
- Interrupt Service Routines (ISRs).
- NVIC configuration.
- PWM generation using timer peripherals.

Module 7: UART Communication
- Introduction to asynchronous serial communication.
- TX and RX signals.
- Baud rate and frame configuration.
- UART register configuration.
- Transmitting and receiving characters.
- Communicating with a USB-to-UART interface.
- Viewing serial output using PuTTY or a serial terminal.
- Practical exercise: Sending sensor values to a computer.

Module 8: ADC Programming
- Introduction to analog-to-digital conversion.
- ADC resolution and reference voltage.
- ADC channel selection and configuration.
- Reading potentiometer and sensor signals.
- Converting ADC values into voltage.
- ADC polling and interrupt-based conversion.
- Practical exercise: Reading an analog sensor.

Module 9: SPI and I2C Communication
- Introduction to SPI and I2C.
- Communication signals and bus operation.
- Configuring peripheral registers.
- SPI master communication fundamentals.
- I2C addressing and data transfer.
- Interfacing with external sensors and displays.
- Troubleshooting communication failures.

Module 10: Debugging and Final Project
- Breakpoints and single-step execution.
- Inspecting registers and memory.
- Using watch expressions.
- Debugging peripheral configuration errors.
- Testing and validating firmware.
- Project implementation and documentation.

Suggested Final Projects
1. Bare-Metal Digital Temperature Monitoring System.
2. UART-Based Sensor Data Monitoring.
3. Timer-Interrupt-Based LED Controller.
4. ADC-Based Voltage Measurement System.
5. PWM-Based DC Motor Speed Controller.
6. STM32 Sensor Interface with an OLED Display.